How are drugs tested GCSE?

The drugs are tested using computer models and human cells grown in the laboratory. Many substances fail this test because they damage cells or do not seem to work. Drugs that pass the first stage are tested on animals. In the UK, new medicines have to undergo these tests.

What GCSE drug tests do I need?

New medical drugs have to be tested and trialled before being used to check that they are safe and effective. New drugs are extensively tested for toxicity, efficacy and dose. The first stage of the preclinical trial is to use computers and cell samples are used to find chemicals that seem to work on the target.

What are the 4 stages of drug testing?

What are the Four Stages of Drug Development?

  • Discovery and Development. The first step in drug development is discovery.
  • Preclinical Research. Preclinical research needs to be done before a drug can actually be given to people, as it could have the potential to cause serious health problems.
  • Clinical Research.
  • FDA Review.

What’s the first stage of drug testing GCSE?

There are three main stages of testing: Preclinical drug trials – The drugs are tested using computer models and human cells grown in the laboratory. This allows the efficacy and possible side effects to be tested. Many substances fail this test because they damage cells or do not seem to work.

Where do drugs come from GCSE?

Historically drugs have come from nature, as parts of plants and microorganisms have been extracted. One of the most famous discoveries was made by Sir Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin from the Penicillium mould. This antibiotic is still very important in the fight against disease.

What is a placebo GCSE?

The placebo effect occurs when someone feels they are better when they have been given a dummy form of the drug, not the drug itself. To reduce the placebo effect in drug testing: in blind trials only, the doctor knows which patients have been given the drug and which have been given the placebo.

Why should drugs be tested?

The tests can: Help an employee admit or acknowledge a drug abuse problem. Identify symptoms and signs of drug abuse and addiction to provide early intervention and help prevent accidents. Protect the employees, security and finances of a company.

What is clinical testing GCSE?

In clinical trials, one group of volunteers – called the test group – receives the new drug. Another group – the control group – receives the existing drug for that illness. If there is no existing treatment, the control group is given a placebo .

Why is a placebo used in drug trials GCSE?