Is androgen insensitivity syndrome same as hermaphrodite?

Androgen Insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a disorder of sexual development (DSD) formerly classified as male pseudo hermaphroditism and referred to as XY DSD. AIS is caused by a mutation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene resulting in deficient action of androgens and therefore incomplete masculinization.

How many cases of androgen insensitivity syndrome are there?

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome affects 2 to 5 per 100,000 people who are genetically male. Partial androgen insensitivity is thought to be at least as common as complete androgen insensitivity. Mild androgen insensitivity is much less common.

Is androgen insensitivity syndrome same as testicular feminization syndrome?

AIS is a disorder of sex differentiation. It was previously called testicular feminization syndrome. It affects male fetuses as they develop in the womb, as well as sexual development during puberty. AIS prevents male genitals from developing as they should.

How common is testicular feminization syndrome?

The incidence of testicular feminization syndrome is reported to range between one in 2,000 to one in 62,400 [2].

What is true hermaphroditism?

True hermaphroditism (TH) refers to individuals who have both unequivocal ovarian tissue and testicular elements regardless of their karyotypes; whereas mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) refers to individuals who usually have a differentiated gonad on one side and a streak gonad or streak testis on the other side.

What is pseudo hermaphroditism?

A pseudohermaphrodite is a person whose gonads are consistent with the chromosomal sex but who has external genitalia of the opposite sex. Male pseudohermaphrodites have normal testes but incomplete masculinization of the wolffian duct system and external genitalia.

Do people with androgen insensitivity have a vagina?

Vaginal surgery Girls with AIS often have a shorter vagina than most other girls and women, which can make penetration during sex difficult. Treatment for this is usually delayed until after puberty, so that natural changes can take place.

What is the difference between hermaphrodite and Pseudohermaphrodite?

The key difference between hermaphrodite and pseudohermaphrodite is that a hermaphrodite is an organism with both male and female genitalia, while pseudohermaphrodite is an organism whose gonads are consistent with the chromosomal sex but who has external genitalia of the opposite sex.

Are human hermaphrodites possible?

Intersex conditions are sometimes also referred to as disorders of sexual development (DSDs). Such conditions are extremely rare in humans. In ovotesticular disorder (sometimes also called true hermaphroditism), an individual has both ovarian and testicular tissue.

Do AIS have periods?

Because people with AIS have a Y chromosome, they do not have a uterus. They will not have periods during puberty, or be able to carry a pregnancy.