What is conjugation with glucuronic acid?
What is conjugation with glucuronic acid?
Conjugation with glucuronic acid is the major route for the biotransformation and elimination of carboxylic acid-containing drugs [1,2]. Under normal conditions, acyl glucuronides are formed primarily in the liver and excreted predominantly through the urine in humans (Fig. 3-3).
What is the purpose of glucuronide conjugation?
Glucuronide conjugate process is perhaps the major and most common route for Phase II metabolism to form water-soluble metabolites.
What is glucuronic acid pathway?
Glucuronic Acid Pathway. The glucuronic acid pathway (Figure 15-15) is a quantitatively minor route of glucose metabolism. Like the pentose phosphate pathway, it provides biosynthetic precursors and interconverts some less common sugars to ones that can be metabolized.
Which drugs are metabolized by glucuronidation?
Oxazepam and lorazepam are mainly metabolized by glucuronidation. Anti-epileptics with mood-stabilizing properties are frequently metabolized by UGTs. Opioid and nicotine addiction may also be influenced by glucuronidation.
What is the glucuronidation pathway?
Glucuronidation is a major phase II pathway for transforming dietary toxins, drugs, carcinogens, and other environmental chemicals into less toxic substances. It is the most important pathway for the human body’s elimination of the most frequently prescribed drugs.
How many molecules of gluconic acid is used for the conjugation of bilirubin?
two molecules
Conjugation of Bilirubin Conjugation is a two-step enzymatic process in which each molecule of bilirubin is conjugated with two molecules of glucuronic acid.
What is the difference between conjugated bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin?
Some bilirubin is bound to a certain protein (albumin) in the blood. This type of bilirubin is called unconjugated, or indirect, bilirubin. In the liver, bilirubin is changed into a form that your body can get rid of. This is called conjugated bilirubin or direct bilirubin.
How do you know if bilirubin is conjugated or unconjugated?
A urine test positive for bilirubin indicates conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Conjugated bilirubin is soluble in water; therefore, it can be excreted via urine but not unconjugated bilirubin due to water insolubility.
