Is hypospadias and epispadias the same?
Is hypospadias and epispadias the same?
Both epispadias and hypospadias are birth defects involving the urethra. Both describe the position of the urethral opening. Epi- means above, and hypo- means below. Hypospadias primarily affects boys.
What are the nursing management for patient with hypospadias and epispadias?
Desired Outcomes
| Nursing Interventions | Rationale |
|---|---|
| Maintain a position of comfort; Properly set the catheter to avoid tension and kinking. | Promotes comfort and avoids pain due to pulling on or manipulating catheter. |
| Encourage use of relaxation techniques. | Promotes rest and refocus attention thus decreases discomfort. |
What is Hypospedia?
Hypospadias (pronounced hype-oh-spay-dee-us) is a birth defect in boys where the opening of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) is not located at the tip of the penis.
What is associated with hypospadias?
Most hypospadias occur as an isolated condition, but associated anomalies include uni-bilateral cryptorchidism and micropenis [25]. The occurrence of these co-morbidities suggests a deficiency of hormonal influences during embryogenesis.
What causes hypospadias and epispadias?
Hypospadias is present at birth (congenital). As the penis develops in a male fetus, certain hormones stimulate the formation of the urethra and foreskin. Hypospadias results when a malfunction occurs in the action of these hormones, causing the urethra to develop abnormally.
Is epispadias dorsal or ventral?
Epispadias is a rare urogenital malformation characterized by the failure of the urethral tube to tubularize on the dorsal aspect. Unlike in hypospadias, where the meatus is on the ventral aspect, children with epispadias have a wide-open urethral plate on the dorsum.
What is the pathophysiology of epispadias?
Epispadias is a rare birth defect located at the opening of the urethra. In this condition, the urethra does not develop into a full tube, and the urine exits the body from an abnormal location. The causes of epispadias are unknown. It may be related to improper development of the pubic bone.
What is the pathophysiology of hypospadias?
What is the epispadias?
What is the cause of epispadias?
The causes of epispadias are unknown. It may be related to improper development of the pubic bone. In boys with epispadias, the urethra generally opens on the top or side of the penis rather than the tip. However, it is possible for the urethra to be open along the entire length of the penis.
Can females have epispadias?
In girls with epispadias, the urethral opening is towards the clitoris or even belly area. This results in the external genitalia and urethra not forming or functioning well. Most boys and girls are born with genitals that look normal and work well. But some children are born with a condition called epispadias.
Is hypospadias ventral or dorsal?
Hypospadias is the most common congenital defect of the penis,1 and occurs in approximately one in 250 infant boys in Europe. 2 It is characterised by a urethral meatus on the ventral aspect of the penis or scrotum, dorsal winged prepuce (foreskin), and ventral curvature of the penis (chordee).
