What is the difference between maternal genes and zygotic genes?

Maternal genes are transcribed and stored as maternal RNA during oogenesis. Depending on the organism, these maternal mRNAs are translated after oocyte maturation or fertilization. Zygotic genes are transcribed after fertilization (in some cases as late as the midblastula transition).

What is the difference between maternal effect and mitochondrial inheritance?

The key difference between cytoplasmic inheritance and genetic maternal effect is that cytoplasmic inheritance occurs due the genetic information stored in genes of some organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts present in the cytoplasm while genetic maternal effect occurs due to the mRNA and proteins received …

What is an example of maternal effect?

A classic example of maternal effect is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) [27]. It is well known that women that experience diabetes during gestation increase the risk of diabetes and obesity on their offspring, F1.

What is a maternal effect gene?

Maternal effect genes (MEGs) encode factors (e.g., RNA) that are present in the oocyte and required for early embryonic development. Hence, while these genes and gene products are of maternal origin, their phenotypic consequences result from effects on the embryo.

What are zygotic genes?

A gene expressed in the early embryo. Embryos with mutations in zygotic genes are phenotypically abnormal, and this phenotype is dependent on genetic contributions from both parents, i.e., upon the genotype of the zygote, rather than the genotype of the mother or the father alone. Also called zygotic effect gene.

What is the zygotic stage?

The zygote stage is the earliest stage of conception, also known as fertilization. During this stage, you will likely not know whether fertilization has occurred. If fertilization or implantation fails, you’ll simply go on to have your period.

Is maternal inheritance and cytoplasmic inheritance same?

>Cytoplasmic inheritance is also called as the extranuclear inheritance, maternal inheritance, non-Mendelian inheritance, non-chromosomal inheritance or extra chromosomal inheritance. > It is the transmission of genes that occur outside the nucleus from the parents to their offsprings.

What causes maternal inheritance?

A form of inheritance wherein the traits of the offspring are maternal in origin due to the expression of extranuclear DNA present in the ovum during fertilization.

What causes maternal effect?

Maternal effects often occur because the mother supplies a particular mRNA or protein to the oocyte, hence the maternal genome determines whether the molecule is functional. Maternal supply of mRNAs to the early embryo is important, as in many organisms the embryo is initially transcriptionally inactive.

What is a zygotic gene?

Is genetic maternal effect autosomal?

The maternal genotype explains variation in the average offspring phenotype in this case, simply because of the correlation between parent and offspring genotypes caused by ordinary autosomal inheritance (i.e. it is caused by the fact that there are missing maternal–offspring genotype combinations, that are cells with …

Why is the maternal to zygotic transition important?

This process is important because it is the first time that the new embryonic genome is utilized and the paternal and maternal genomes are used in combination (ie. different alleles will be expressed). The zygotic genome now drives embryo development.