What are macrophages function?

Macrophages are tissue-resident or infiltrated immune cells critical for innate immunity, normal tissue development, homeostasis, and repair of damaged tissue. Macrophage function is a sum of their ontogeny, the local environment in which they reside, and the type of injuries or pathogen to which they are exposed.

Which cytoskeletal structures are involved in phagocytosis?

As in most cells, the plasma membrane of phagocytic cells is intimately associated with an elaborate cortical cytoskeleton composed of filamentous actin (F-actin).

How does actin work in phagocytosis?

Actin-Based Protrusion Is a General Feature of Phagocytosis Actin polymerization facilitates phagocytosis (3–5). Particle binding to FcγRs or many other receptors is associated with the formation of thin actin-filled membrane protrusions, usually called pseudopods, which extend around the targets (25, 73, 74).

What is the role of macrophages in inflammation?

In inflammation, macrophages have three major function; antigen presentation, phagocytosis, and immunomodulation through production of various cytokines and growth factors. Macrophages play a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of inflammation.

What is the function of macrophages in the spleen?

Our results show that spleen macrophages are of major importance as scavenger cells during MHV-A59 infection and are involved in clearance of virus from the host. In addition, macrophages may be involved in the regulation of acquired immune responses.

What is the role of cytoskeleton in macrophage movement?

The actin cytoskeleton of these cells plays a central role in locomotion, phagocytosis, and the regulation of cell shape that are crucial elements of neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage function.

Which cytoskeletal structure is linked with the movements of a macrophage?

Actin filaments are the predominant structural elements in macrophage cortical cytoplasm. These fibres form a unique orthogonal network that fills all lamellae extended from the cell and which, in the cell body, bifurcates to form layers 0.2-0.5 micron thick on the cell top and bottom.

What are M1 and M2 macrophages?

M1 macrophages, also called classically activated, respond to stimuli such as LPS, IFN-γ, and are important producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines. M2 macrophages, also called alternatively active respond to stimuli such as IL-4 or IL-13, are producer of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

How do macrophages reduce inflammation?

M2b macrophages suppress inflammation by increasing IL-10 production, although they also secrete IL-6, IL-β, and TNF, and express high levels of iNOS.