How do you separate isoenzymes?

Two main groups of procedures are available for the separation of isoenzymes, namely electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography. Both depend primarily upon the nature and extent of the resultant charge on the protein fractions in the buffer solution used.

How are isoenzymes of LDH different from each other?

LDH exists in 5 isoenzymes. Each isoenzyme has a slightly different structure and is found in different concentrations in different tissues. For example, LDH-1 is found mostly in red blood cells and heart muscle. LDH-3 is concentrated in the lungs, although it is also found in other tissues.

What are the isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase?

The isoenzymes of LDH are LDH-1, LDH-2, LDH-3, LDH-4, and LDH-5. Different LDH isoenzymes are found in different body tissues. The areas of highest concentration for each type of isoenzyme are: LDH-1: heart and red blood cells.

How many isoenzyme forms are there for lactate dehydrogenase?

There are five types of LDH. They are known as isoenzymes. The five isoenzymes are found in different amounts in tissues throughout the body.

How are isoenzymes separated in laboratory?

We have used predominantly electrophoretic method for the separation of LDH isoenzymes, which appeared not so hard even in med lab environment. Due to their different amino acid compositions the LDH isoenzymes can be separated in polyacrylamide used as a matrix.

What are the techniques used in the separation of ALP isoenzymes?

Serum Enzymes The same electrophoretic techniques are used for the separation of ALP isoenzymes in serum as for separation of serum proteins.

Which are the LDH isozymes subunits?

LDH exhibits five isomeric forms assembled in tetramers of either of the two types of subunits, namely muscle (M) and heart (H). The isoforms called isozymes are named LDH-1 through LDH-5, each having differential expression in different tissues.

How isozymes are formed?

Isozymes are usually distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities. All living systems apparently require multiple molecular forms of certain enzymes in order to maximize biological capacity. Isozymes arise from gene duplications and/or different epigenetic modifications of a gene product(s).

How are isoenzymes separated by electrophoresis?

Electrophoretic techniques used for separation of LDH isoenzymes. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes can be separated using various supporting media such as starch, agarose, cellulose acetate, and polyacrylamide gel.

How do you identify isoenzymes?

To identify isozymes, a crude protein extract is made by grinding animal or plant tissue with an extraction buffer, and the components of extract are separated according to their charge by gel electrophoresis.

Which isoenzyme of ALP is most heat stable?

A hepatic origin of an elevated ALP level is suggested by simultaneous elevation of either serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) or 5สน-nucleotidase (5NT). Hepatic ALP is more heat stable than bone ALP.