What causes stomach volvulus?

The most common causes of gastric volvulus in adults are diaphragmatic defects (see Table 2 below). In cases of paraesophageal hernias, the EGJ remains in the abdomen, whereas the stomach ascends adjacent to the esophagus, resulting in an upside-down stomach.

What is Borchardt’s triad?

Borchardt’s triad is believed to be diagnostic for acute gastric volvulus and consists of unproductive retching, epigastric pain and distention, and the inability to pass a nasogastric tube. 5. Acute volvulus can cause gastric infarction leading to GI hemorrhage, acute cardiopulmonary distress, or shock.

How is gastric volvulus diagnosed?

The diagnosis is suspected when erect chest radiograph images show a high air-fluid level in the chest. Moreover a barium swallow is essential to confirm the diagnosis. Nonetheless, a computed tomography (CT) scan now provides a comprehensive description of the thoracic lesion, including stomach vitality.

What is a gastric volvulus?

Gastric volvulus is defined as an abnormal rotation of the stomach beyond 180 degrees. 1-3. It is a rare clinical condition, and because many chronic cases are never diagnosed its precise incidence is unknown.

What causes a volvulus in adults?

Causes of Volvulus Volvulus of the colon and lower bowel typically occurs in adults, and may be the result of constipation, redundant intestinal tissue, adhesions (particularly after surgery has been performed), or abnormal intestinal contents.

What are the symptoms of gastric volvulus?

Classic symptoms of acute gastric volvulus are known as Borchardt’s triad [6], which consists of severe epigastric pain and distension, vomiting followed by violent nonproductive retching, and difficulty or inability to pass a nasogastric tube.

What is Organoaxial volvulus?

Organoaxial volvulus occurs when the stomach rotates 180 degrees around the long axis. A diaphragmatic hernia is frequently associated with this condition. Symptoms are typically acute in onset, and gastric ischemia is a potential complication. In mesenteroaxial volvulus, the stomach rotates around its short axis.

What condition occurs when the stomach twists?

Gastric volvulus is the condition where the stomach twists upon itself. This can be transient, but it can also lead to obstruction, ischemia, and necrosis. Primary gastric volvulus occurs below the diaphragm and is found in a third of cases.

How do you know if you have gastric volvulus?

Typical symptoms of chronic gastric volvulus are vague and nonspecific and may include abdominal pain, vomiting, and dysphagia. Additional symptoms include heartburn and regurgitation. Prior reports have pointed out the symptom overlap between chronic gastric volvulus and PEH.

What happens if a volvulus is left untreated?

If left untreated, volvulus can result in serious health complications, including recurrent volvulus, gangrene, faecal peritonitis, perforation of the bowel, and gangrene.

Is volvulus fatal?

Primary small bowel volvulus is a relatively rare cause of small bowel obstruction but can be fatal. The chief problem is in differentiating it from other causes of obstruction that can be treated conservatively.

Is gastric volvulus an emergency?

Acute gastric volvulus is regarded as a surgical emergency, requiring either open or laparoscopic surgery. We report a case of acute gastric volvulus secondary to a paraesophageal hernia that presented with acute abdominal pain and fullness and had an unfavorable outcome.