What is antegrade cerebral perfusion?

Antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) is a cardiopulmonary bypass technique that uses special cannulation procedures to perfuse only the brain during neonatal and infant aortic arch reconstruction.

What is retrograde cerebral perfusion?

Objective: Retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) is commonly used in thoracic aortic surgery, ostensibly to provide metabolic support, maintain cerebral hypothermia and/or wash out particulate emboli.

How do you expose axillary arteries?

Exposure of axillary artery Make a transverse infraclavicular incision approximately two fingerbreadths below the clavicle. The pectoralis muscle is exposed and fibers are split superiorly and inferiorly. At this point, divide the pectoralis minor insertion to allow further exposure.

How is retrograde cerebral perfusion done?

RCP very briefly at the end of an HCA period solely for the purpose of flushing embolic debris from the cerebral vasculature. Retrograde cerebral perfusion is generally carried out with monitoring of the venous pressure via either a central venous catheter in the superior vena cava or a jugular bulb catheter.

What are the branches of the axillary artery?

It has three branches that are variable in their order: the subscapular trunk, the anterior humeral circumflex artery, and the posterior humeral circumflex artery. The subscapular trunk is typically the largest branch of the axillary artery.

When does the axillary artery become the brachial?

While exiting the axilla, the axillary artery changes its name at the lower border of teres major and continues in the arm as the brachial artery. Axillary artery in the axilla. As soon as it exits the axilla, the axillary artery continues as the brachial artery.

What happens if axillary vein is damaged?

Although traumatic injuries of the subclavian and axillary vessels are uncommon, these injuries can be both life- and limb-threatening. In addition to the immediate threat of loss of life or limb from these injuries, damage to the contiguous brachial plexus can occur that frequently results in permanent disability.

What is an axillary artery?

In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery.

What are the branches of axillary artery?

What are the symptoms of axillary nerve damage?

Axillary nerve injury symptoms include:

  • Shoulder or arm muscle weakness.
  • Shoulder or arm muscle wasting.
  • Numbness in your arm.
  • Tingling in your arm.
  • Loss of feeling in your arm or hand.
  • Trouble lifting your arm.
  • Limp hanging arm.
  • Pain.