What is an example of a filamentous bacteria?

The most commonly encountered filamentous bacteria causing bulking problems belong to the Alphaproteobacteria (‘Nostocoida’-like), the Gammaproteobacteria (Thiothrix and type 021N), the Actinobacteria (Candidatus’Microthrix’, Mycolata) and the Chloroflexi (types 1851, 0041 and 0092).

What does filamentous mean in bacteria?

Filamentation is the abnormal growth of some bacteria in which cells do not separate but elongate and have multiple chromosomal copies. They grow in long thread-like strands.

Where are filamentous bacteria found?

They have a few other things in common. Each thrives in wastewater high in greases, oils and fats under low F/M conditions. The fact that they thrive in these conditions and have longer sludge ages give these filaments the advantage over floc-forming bacteria.

Is Bacillus a filamentous bacteria?

Apart from these common filamentous bacteria there are also reports on the occurrence of filamentous Bacillus spp. from wastewater treatment tanks (Farquhar & Boyle, 1971; Storm & Jenkins, 1984). Trick et al. (1984) were the first to isolate filamentous Bacillus species from bulking sludge.

Are mycobacteria filamentous?

We also showed that M. tuberculosis cells grown in macrophages are filamentous and that only a small fraction had midcell Z rings. The majority of filamentous cells contained nonring, spiral-like FtsZ structures along their entire length.

How do you identify a filamentous bacteria?

Filament shape is one of the characteristics often used to help identify filamentous bacteria. Some filaments are smoothly curved, some are straight and others are simply irregularly shaped. Filaments can range in size from 0.8 to 5 μm in width and from 5 to > 500 μm in length.

Which are filamentous fungi?

Filamentous fungi are typically saprophytic microorganisms which secrete a wide array of enzymes involved in the decomposition and recycling of complex biopolymers from both plant and animal tissues.

What are Appendaged bacteria?

The budding and/or appendaged bacteria are a heterogeneous collection of unicellular microbes. Organisms in this group may differ from typica eubacteria in their mode of reproduction (budding) unusual shapes, and complex life cycles.

What is a filamentous virus?

Filamentous bacteriophage is a family of viruses (Inoviridae) that infect bacteria. The phages are named for their filamentous shape, a worm-like chain (long, thin and flexible, reminiscent of a length of cooked spaghetti), about 6 nm in diameter and about 1000-2000 nm long.

What is the difference between colonial and filamentous?

The main difference between colonial and filamentous organisms is that colonial organisms form a mass of similar cells while filamentous organisms form an array of organisms that resemble a filament. Moreover, colonial organisms appear as a sphere while filamentous organisms appear as a thread.

Is Penicillin a filamentous fungi?

Penicillium chrysogenum (renamed P. rubens) is the most studied member of a family of more than 350 Penicillium species that constitute the genus. Since the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, this filamentous fungus is used as a commercial β-lactam antibiotic producer.