What is the relationship between pressure and volume heart?

The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship represents the maximal pressure developed by the LV at any given volume and is a measure of cardiac contractility. The slope of ESPVR, also referred to as Ees, is an index of end-systolic elastance and provides information on contractile function.

How does hypertension affect pressure-volume loop?

Hypertension increases the afterload, since the LV has to work harder to overcome the elevated arterial peripheral resistance and decreased compliance. Aortic valve diseases like aortic stenosis and insufficiency also increase the afterload, whereas mitral valve regurgitation decreases the afterload.

What factors affect the ventricular pressure-volume loop?

The PV loop changes when the preload, afterload and inotropic state of the heart change.

What is intraventricular pressure curve?

The curve for diastolic pressure is determined by filling the heart with increasing amounts of blood and then measuring intraventricular pressure before the start of contraction. In other words, this curve represents the end-diastolic pressure for a given amount of blood volume.

What happens to cardiac output in hypertension?

In most forms of hypertension, the hypertensive state is maintained by an elevation in blood volume, which in turn increases cardiac output by the Frank-Starling relationship. Vasodilator drugs, which decrease systemic vascular resistance, are commonly used to treat hypertension.

What is the relationship between blood pressure and cardiac output?

Blood pressure is approximated by flow (cardiac output) and the systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac output is determined by metabolic needs of tissues, which can be quantified by their consumption of oxygen.

What are the pressure and volume changes during cardiac cycle?

By convention, the mechanical cycle begins at end diastole (Figure 1). The LV pressure increases without a change in volume during isovolumetric contraction. When the LV pressure exceeds the aortic pressure, the aortic valve opens. During LV ejection, LV volume falls.