What drugs use cyclodextrin?

What drugs use cyclodextrin?

Examples of the use of cyclodextrins in medicines on the European market are β-CD in cetirizine tablets and cisapride suppositories, γ-CD in minoxidil solution, and examples of the use of β-cyclodextrin derivatives are SBE-β-CD in the intravenous antimycotic voriconazole, HP-β-CD in the antifungal itraconazole.

What is the most common form of cyclodextrin used in pharmaceuticals?

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic (α-1,4)-linked oligosaccharides of α-d-glucopyranose [1]. The most common forms of CDs are α-, β-, and γ-CDs.

What is the function of cyclodextrin?

Cyclodextrins are oligosaccharides having outer hydrophilic surface and central hydrophobic cavity. These agents form inclusion complexes with poorly water-soluble drugs; hence they show an important implication for use in ophthalmics because of their applications in solubilising and stabilising the ocular drugs.

What are the types of cyclodextrins?

α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and γ-cyclodextrin are three important types of cyclodextrins, which are composed of six, seven, and eight glucose units, respectively. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is the most commonly used type of cyclodextrins due to its lower price, simpler production, and skin-friendliness.

Where is cyclodextrin used?

Cyclodextrins are produced from starch by enzymatic conversion. They are used in food, pharmaceutical, drug delivery, and chemical industries, as well as agriculture and environmental engineering.

How are cyclodextrins made?

Cyclodextrins are naturally occurring oligosaccharides. They can be produced by enzymatic degradation of plant starch. Cyclodextrins are characterized by their cyclic three-dimensional structure with a hydrophobic cavity.

Why cyclodextrin is used in drug delivery?

In the pharmaceutical industry cyclodextrins have mainly been used as complexing agents to increase aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs, and to increase their bioavailability and stability.

How are cyclodextrins prepared and purified?

Cyclodextrins are prepared by enzymatic treatment of starch. Commonly cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is employed along with α-amylase. First starch is liquified either by heat treatment or using α-amylase, then CGTase is added for the enzymatic conversion.

What is another name for cyclodextrin?

beta-CYCLODEXTRIN

What is cyclodextrin structure?

Cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic oligosaccharides formed by 6 (α-CD), 7 (β-CD), or 8 (γ-CD) α-1,4-d-glucopyranoside units resulting in a toroid structure with interior hydrophobic cavities of 0.5 to 1.0 nm in diameter and exterior hydrophilic rims.

Is cyclodextrin a drug?

Drug delivery Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin are all generally recognized as safe by the U.S. FDA. They have been applied for delivery of a variety of drugs, including hydrocortisone, prostaglandin, nitroglycerin, itraconazol, chloramphenicol. The cyclodextrin confers solubility and stability to these drugs.

What is cyclodextrin found in?

Cyclodextrins can be found in nature. Some bacteria (e.g. Bacillus macerans) produce CDs from starch by enzymatic process for their energy storage. This process is mimicked by the industry using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase enzyme and starch (corn, potato, manioc, etc) as raw material.