What do philosophers say about morality?

According to Kant, morality’s commands are unconditional. We could never discover a principle that commands all rational beings with such absolute authority through a method of empirical moral philosophy. An empirical approach, he argues, can tell us how people do act, but it cannot tell us how we ought to act.

What are Nietzsche’s views on morality?

Nietzsche argues that there are two fundamental types of morality: “master morality” and “slave morality”. Master morality values pride and power, while slave morality values kindness, empathy, and sympathy.

What does Kant argue about morality?

Kant argued that the moral law is a truth of reason, and hence that all rational creatures are bound by the same moral law. Thus in answer to the question, “What should I do?” Kant replies that we should act rationally, in accordance with a universal moral law.

What does Plato say about morality?

Like most other ancient philosophers, Plato maintains a virtue-based eudaemonistic conception of ethics. That is to say, happiness or well-being (eudaimonia) is the highest aim of moral thought and conduct, and the virtues (aretê: ‘excellence’) are the requisite skills and dispositions needed to attain it.

What is moral theory in philosophy?

Moral philosophy is the branch of philosophy that contemplates what is right and wrong. It explores the nature of morality and examines how people should live their lives in relation to others.

What is moral philosophical approach?

The Moral/Philosophical Approach. The moral/philosophical approach is defined as an approach that suggests that the larger purpose of literature is to teach morality and to probe philosophical questions, in the words of Samuel Johnson. It is believed that authors intend to instruct the audience in some way.

Why does Nietzsche reject morality?

You have a different origin! ‘”. Human beings, according to Nietzsche, are fundamentally a part of nature. This means that he rejects all accounts of morality that are grounded in a conception of human activity as answerable to a supernatural or otherworldly source of value.

Why did Nietzsche oppose morality?

Nietzsche’s moral philosophy is primarily critical in orientation: he attacks morality both for its commitment to untenable descriptive (metaphysical and empirical) claims about human agency, as well as for the deleterious impact of its distinctive norms and values on the flourishing of the highest types of human …

What does Hume think morality is based on?

Hume claims that moral distinctions are not derived from reason but rather from sentiment.

What does Aristotle say about morality?

Aristotle defines moral virtue as a disposition to behave in the right manner and as a mean between extremes of deficiency and excess, which are vices. We learn moral virtue primarily through habit and practice rather than through reasoning and instruction.

What is Aristotle’s moral theory?

The moral theory of Aristotle, like that of Plato, focuses on virtue, recommending the virtuous way of life by its relation to happiness.

What is the moral argument in philosophy?

Moral Argument. Moral Argument – The Shortcomings of Utilitarianism There are various nontheistic systems of ethics, none of which succeed in providing a robust ontological foundation or objective moral values and duties. One of these systems, popularised recently by Sam Harris in his book The Moral Landscape, is called utilitarianism,…

What is the moral argument in Socrates and Euthyphro?

Moral Argument. Euthyphro explains to Socrates that he has come to lay manslaughter charges against his father, because of his involvement in the death of a worker. This worker himself had killed a slave who had belonged to the family estate. This worker was found dead, gagged, and bound in a ditch.

Do philosophers have different views on moral motivation?

In answering the foregoing questions, philosophers have been led to sharply differing views about moral motivation, and these views have sometimes been thought to have important implications for foundational issues in ethics.

Does morality conflict with self-interest?

Morality is widely believed to conflict, frequently and sometimes severely, with what an agent most values or most prefers to do. Perhaps because of the apparent opposition between self-interest and morality, the fact of moral motivation has seemed especially puzzling. How is it that we are so reliably moved by our moral judgments?