What are the flattened pile of sacs called?

The thylakoid membrane envelops… …of flattened, disklike sacs called thylakoids. The space enclosed by the inner membrane is called the matrix in mitochondria and the stroma in chloroplasts.

What is flat sac in chloroplast?

Thylakoid is a flattened disc-like sac found inside a chloroplast which is the site of photosynthesis, in plants and algae. The chlorophyll molecule is present inside the thylakoid.

What are the flattened membranes in chloroplast called?

In addition to the inner and outer membranes of the envelope, chloroplasts have a third internal membrane system, called the thylakoid membrane. The thylakoid membrane forms a network of flattened discs called thylakoids, which are frequently arranged in stacks called grana.

Why are thylakoids flat and stacked?

When stacked, thylakoids are better protected from the harmful radicals produced when water is split during the light reaction of photosynthesis.

What is thylakoid membrane?

The thylakoid membrane is the site of photochemical and electron transport reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. The lipid composition of the thylakoid membrane, with two galactolipids, one sulfolipid, and one phospholipid, is highly conserved among oxygenic photosynthetic organisms.

What is the function of Amyloplast?

Amyloplasts are plastids or organelles responsible for the storage of starch granules. The rate of starch synthesis in cereal grains is one of the factors affecting both grain size and yield (Kumar and Singh, 1980).

Why do Granal stacks occur?

We conclude that the predominant attractive force appears to be entropy-driven, and propose several mechanisms whereby entropy is increased to drive the formation of granal stacks in the dark. That is, the order in granal stacks arises out of disorder.

What is lumen in thylakoid?

The thylakoid lumen is a narrow aqueous space within the thylakoid membrane that contains around 80 proteins, as based on proteomics studies (Schubert et al. 2002; Peltier et al. 2002).

What are grana and stroma?

Grana are the sites for the light reaction of photosynthesis. The grana of the chloroplast are disc-like plates, which consist of a pigment system made up of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotene and xanthophyll. Stroma. Stroma is the site for the dark reaction of photosynthesis.

What is Appressed part of thylakoid?

Answer: Thylakoid membranes are laterally differentiated into appressed and non-appressed regions called grana and stroma lamellae. PSII (photosystem II) is located within the appressed grana region, whereas PSI (photosystem I) is located within the non-appressed stroma lamellae.

What is a thylakoid?

…hollow disks that are called thylakoids (“saclike”). The chloroplasts of most higher plants have regions, called grana, in which the thylakoids are very tightly stacked. When viewed by electron microscopy at an oblique angle, the grana appear as stacks of disks. When viewed in cross section, it is apparent that….

What is the difference between the stroma and thylakoids?

The thylakoids are surrounded by the stroma, or the inner liquid portion of the chloroplast. Both the stroma and the thylakoids contain important molecules for photosynthesis. Thylakoids are often stacked on top of each other – they look like a stack of flapjacks.

What is the structure of the thylakoid vesicles?

The internal (thylakoid) membrane vesicles are organized into stacks, which reside in a matrix known as the stroma. All the chlorophyll in the chloroplast is contained in the membranes of the thylakoid vesicles. Internal structures of the chloroplast.

What is inside the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast?

…of flattened, disklike sacs called thylakoids. The space enclosed by the inner membrane is called the matrix in mitochondria and the stroma in chloroplasts. Both spaces are filled with a fluid containing a rich mixture of metabolic products, enzymes, and ions. Enclosed by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast is…