What is nanofiltration in wastewater treatment?

Nanofiltration (NF) is one of the widely used membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment in addition to other applications such as desalination. NF has replaced reverse osmo- sis (RO) membranes in many applications due to lower energy consumption and higher flux rates.

What are nanofiltration membranes used for?

Like reverse osmosis membranes, nanofiltration membranes are used in separation systems employing applied pressure to effectively overcome the system’s osmotic pressure, reversing the flow of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Can nanofiltration remove bacteria?

We found that ultrafiltration (UF) was effective at removing bacterial cells (99.7%) but not TOC. By contrast, nanofiltration (NF) successfully removed both TOC (95%) and bacterial cells.

Does nanofiltration remove hardness?

Their results showed that this nanofiltration membrane could remove 70–76% of hardness and 44–66% of salinity. Because properties of groundwater near the coast are close to diluted sea water, in this study we attempt to produce drinking water from groundwater near the coast.

Does nanofiltration remove TDS?

Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) are pressure-driven membrane processes used to remove TDS from water.

What is nanofiltration for water?

Nanofiltration is often used to filter water with low amounts of total dissolved solids, to remove organic matter and soften water. Because it is a “looser membrane”, nanofiltration membranes are less likely to foul or scale and require less pretreatment than reverse osmosis systems.

What is the process of nanofiltration?

Nanofiltration is a pressure-driven membrane process that lies between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis in terms of its ability to reject molecular or ionic species. Nanofiltration membranes, organic membranes, or ceramic membranes can be either dense or porous.

Does nanofiltration remove viruses?

Nanofiltration can enhance product safety by providing very high removal capacity of viruses including small non‐enveloped viruses.

What does nanofiltration not remove?

Nanofiltration removes these microbes, as well as most natural organic matter and some natural minerals, especially divalent ions which cause hard water. Nanofiltration, however, does not remove dissolved compounds.

What is the difference between reverse osmosis and nanofiltration?

Nanofiltration removes these microbes, as well as most natural organic matter and some natural minerals, especially divalent ions which cause hard water. Nanofiltration, however, does not remove dissolved compounds. Reverse osmosis removes turbidity, including microbes and virtually all dissolved substances.

Is nanofiltration better than reverse osmosis?

Nanofiltration, however, does not remove dissolved compounds. Reverse osmosis removes turbidity, including microbes and virtually all dissolved substances. However, while reverse osmosis removes many harmful minerals, such as salt and lead, it also removes some healthy minerals, such as calcium and magnesium.