What are Th0 cells?

Th0 cells are a CD4+ T cell subset in both humans and mice based on cytokine production and effector functions. They synthesize multiple cytokines and are responsible for effects intermediate between those of Th1 and Th2 cells, based on the cytokines synthesized and the responding cells.

How do CD4 T cells differentiate?

Upon TCR activation triggered by antigen-presenting cells, naive CD4 T cells differentiate into distinct Th lineages in the context of combinations of cytokines. The differentiation processes involve upregulation of master transcriptional regulators and activation of STAT proteins (185).

Which cytokines helps Th0 cells differentiate into Th2 cells?

The differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells is regulated by many factors, and cytokines play the most important role. Cytokines regulating Th2 cell differentiation were mainly IL-4 and IL-13, while IFN-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ regulated Th1 cell differentiation.

How do T cells differentiate into Th1 and Th2?

T-cell receptor and costimulation regulation In vitro studies using altered peptide ligands [8], in which activated T cells are the only source of IL-4, showed that high-affinity binding of peptide by TCR resulted in Th1 differentiation, whereas lower affinity binding resulted in Th2 differentiation.

Are th0 cells naive?

A naive T cell (Th0 cell) is a T cell that has differentiated in the thymus, and successfully undergone the positive and negative processes of central selection in the thymus. Among these are the naive forms of helper T cells (CD4+) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+).

How do T cells differentiate into CD4 and CD8?

CD4 and CD8 subsets constitute the bulk of αβ T cells and are the main component of T-mediated immune responses. They differentiate in the thymus from CD4+CD8+ ‘double positive’ (DP) precursors [2], and a critical aspect of this process is the matching of CD4 or CD8 lineage differentiation (and of helper vs.

What is the difference between NK cells and CD8 T cells?

Functionally, NK cells had increased expression of granzyme B compared to bystander-activated CD8 T cells. Thus, although NK and bystander CD8 T cells can fill a similar immunologic niche regarding target cell killing, there are significant differences in expression of critical markers following activation.

What is the functional difference between Th1 Th2 and Th17 cells?

In broad terms, Th1 cells mediate a cellular immune response and Th2 cells potentiate a humoral response. Th1, Th2 and Th17 populations, and the cytokines they release, are antagonistic to each other and one or the other subtype is dominant in response to a particular pathogen at any one time.

What causes Th2 differentiation?

IL-4 promotes Th2 cell differentiation mainly by activating STAT6 through tyrosine phosphorylation20–22. Naïve STAT6-deficient CD4 T cells fail to up-regulate GATA3 expression and thus are not able to develop into Th2 cells in vitro even when IL-4 is exogenously provided.

What is the difference between CD45RA and CD45RO?

Typically CD45RA and CD45RO are run against each other and against CD3 and CD4 or CD8. This is a 5-color flow cytometry study. CD45RA is the long isoform of CD45 and is expressed on naive T cells. CD45RO is the shorter isoform, and is expressed on T cells that have encountered antigens.