What are the 4 anomalies present in tetralogy of Fallot?

Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four congenital heart defects. The four defects are a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis, a misplaced aorta and a thickened right ventricular wall (right ventricular hypertrophy).

What is the cause of tetralogy of Fallot?

Tetralogy of Fallot (pronounced te-tral-uh-jee of Fal-oh) is a birth defect that affects normal blood flow through the heart. It happens when a baby’s heart does not form correctly as the baby grows and develops in the mother’s womb during pregnancy.

How do you confirm tetralogy of Fallot?

Tests to diagnose tetralogy of Fallot include:

  1. Oxygen level measurement (pulse oximetry). A small sensor placed on a finger or toe measures the amount of oxygen in the blood.
  2. Echocardiogram.
  3. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).
  4. Chest X-ray.
  5. Cardiac catheterization.

What is a Tet spell in tetralogy of Fallot?

+Tet spells. Some babies with tetralogy of Fallot have episodes called tet spells, when they suddenly turn bluish and may faint. These spells are serious. A tet spell may be caused by activities that change the pressure in your baby’s heart and increase the flow of oxygen-poor blood to their body.

What is the murmur in TOF?

The most common signs and symptoms seen for a newborn with tetralogy of Fallot include: 1) a loud heart murmur (systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border due to pulmonic stenosis and/or holosystolic murmur at the left mid sternal border due to a ventricular septal defect); and 2) cyanosis.

Is tetralogy of Fallot serious?

If TOF is left untreated, it can cause problems with heart rhythms, developmental delays, and seizures. If the condition is never fixed, which is rare, it typically causes death by the age of 20 years old. Usually, a doctor will notice the condition early on and perform surgery to correct the problem.

Can tetralogy of Fallot be cured?

There is no medical treatment for tetralogy of Fallot. The structural abnormalities in the heart require surgical correction. In most cases, infants undergo the operation within the first year of life.

What type of murmur is heard in TOF?