What is DIC in pediatrics?

Abstract. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a thrombo-hemorrhagic condition that commonly accompanies life-threatening illnesses in children and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

What causes DIC in infants?

suggested that DIC in neonates is caused by prenatal risk factors, such as placental abruption (PA), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), and neonatal factors such as sepsis, asphyxia and intravascular hemorrhage (IVH) [4]. Especially at birth, asphyxia was noteworthy in these cases.

What are the three most common conditions associated with DIC?

DIC is linked to medical conditions such as cancer, pancreatitis and liver disorders.

What is the criteria for DIC?

Diagnosis of DIC involves a combination of laboratory tests and clinical evaluation. Laboratory findings suggestive of DIC include a low platelet count, elevated D-dimer concentration, decreased fibrinogen concentration, and prolongation of clotting times such as prothrombin time (PT).

What are the stages of DIC?

Disease Forms/Subtypes DIC progresses through three continuous, overlapping stages: Hypercoagulation: Not noted clinically. Compensated or subclinical stage: May see alterations in coagulation profiles or end-organ dysfunction. Fulminant or uncompensated stage: Fulminant coagulopathy and signs of hemorrhage.

What is DIC in neonate?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is uncontrolled, simultaneous bleeding and clotting occurring as a secondary disorder in sick neonates. Knowledge of the complex physiologic mechanisms at work to maintain hemostasis contributes to the proper nursing care of infants at risk for DIC and better outcomes.

How does neonatal sepsis cause DIC?

Sepsis-induced DIC. During sepsis, inflammation diffusely activates the coagulation system, consuming multiple clotting factors and resulting in DIC [10, 11].

Who is most at risk for developing DIC?

People who have one or more of the following conditions are most likely to develop DIC:

  • Sepsis (an infection in the bloodstream)
  • Surgery and trauma.
  • Cancer.
  • Serious complications of pregnancy and childbirth.

Which patients are at risk for DIC?

Risk factors for DIC include:

  • Blood transfusion reaction.
  • Cancer, especially certain types of leukemia.
  • Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)
  • Infection in the blood, especially by bacteria or fungus.
  • Liver disease.
  • Pregnancy complications (such as placenta that is left behind after delivery)

Do you treat DIC with heparin?

Heparin, as an anticoagulant, which, not only inhibits the activation of the coagulation system, but is also an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent, has been widely used during DIC treatment and in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases.

Can you survive DIC?

The long-term outlook for people who have DIC depends on how much damage the clots may have caused to the body’s tissues. About half of those with DIC survive, but some may live with organ dysfunction or the results of amputations.

What is the survival rate of DIC?

Mortality in ED patients with DIC Mortality rates range from 40 to 78% in hospitalized patients experiencing DIC 3,19. The presence of DIC in ED patients results in roughly comparable overall 30-day mortality rates (52%). Malignancy: A Japanese study reported mortality rates of 25% in cancer-related DIC 3.