What is the Paxinos test?

The examiner provides pressure to the acromion in an anterosuperior direction with the thumb, while also applying pressure an inferior direction to the mid-clavicle with the index and middle fingers. If pain is elicited or increased in the region of the acromioclavicular joint, the test is considered positive.

How do you determine acromioclavicular joint injury?

How Does It Feel?

  1. General shoulder pain and swelling.
  2. Swelling and tenderness over the AC joint.
  3. Loss of shoulder strength.
  4. A visible bump above the shoulder.
  5. Pain when lying on the involved side.
  6. Loss of shoulder motion.
  7. A “popping” sound or feeling that your shoulder “catches” with movement.

How do you test for acromioclavicular joint instability?

The diagnosis of AC joint instability can be based on historical data, physical examination and imaging studies. The cross body adduction stress test has the greatest sensitivity, followed by the AC resisted extension test and the O’Brien test. Proper radiographic evaluation of the AC joint is necessary.

What tests test for AC joint instability?

Resisted AC Joint Extension Test (or the AC Resisted Extension Test) is used to help identify acromioclavicular joint pathology in both traumatic and non-traumatic/chronic overuse cases, and can be useful in helping differentiate between AC joint and impingement syndromes.

What is the lift off test?

The testing movement involves the patient performing internal rotation (IR), by lifting the hand off the back while the examiner places pressure on the hand. The test is considered to be positive if the patient cannot resist, lift the hand off the back or if she/he compensates by extending the elbow and shoulder.

What are the signs and symptoms of an acromioclavicular joint injury?

Symptoms of AC joint sprain

  • Shoulder pain.
  • Shoulder that feels sore when touched.
  • Swelling.
  • Bruising.
  • Change in the shoulder’s shape.
  • Bulge above the shoulder.
  • Shoulder that appears to droop.
  • Collarbone that moves upward.

What signs indicate an acromioclavicular ligament sprain?

AC joint injury symptoms Limited motion in the shoulder. Swelling. Bruising. Tenderness at the top of the shoulder.

What is a positive cross arm test?

During this manoeuvre, the examiner supports the arm of the patient with his opposite hand, while resting the other hand on the patient’s opposite shoulder to maintain adduction and prevent rotation of the patient’s upper body. If pain is present, this is considered to be a positive cross-arm adduction sign.

What is a positive Hawkins-Kennedy test?

A positive Hawkins-Kennedy test is indicative of an impingement of all structures that are located between the greater tubercle of the humerus and the coracohumeral ligament. The impinged structures include the supraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle, and the infraspinatus muscle.

Which orthopedic test is best to determine if your client has an AC joint pathology?

The most reliable physical examination test for acromioclavicular joint pathology is the cross-body adduction test. This test assesses the stability of the affected shoulder and should be performed by manipulating the midshaft of the clavicle rather than the acromioclavicular joint itself.

What does a positive Speed’s test show?

A positive Speed’s test result is usually thought to suggest inflammation or lesions related to the biceps/labral complex. The specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values are determined for the Speed’s test.