What is package limitation?

So what is a package limit? Broadly it is the right of the shipowner to limit liability by reference to the number of packages or units shipped by number or, alternatively, by reference to the weight of the cargo. The only exception is where there is a declared value for the goods and extra freight is paid.

What is a package under Hague Visby Rules?

The Hague Visby Rules state “the number of packages or units enumerated in the bill of lading as packed in such article of transport should be deemed to be the number of packages or units”.

Which cargo is excluded by the Hague-Visby Rules?

Two (2) types of cargo are expressly excluded from the application of the Hague-Visby Rules. These consist of live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried. In both cases the parties are free to negotiate their own terms of carriage for such cargoes.

What are the liabilities of carriers of goods by sea under the Hague-Visby Rules?

Under the Hague-Visby Rules, the limits of the liability of the carrier for the loss of or damage to the goods reach an amount equivalent to 666.67 SDR per package or other shipping unit, or 2 SDR per kilogram of the gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, which- ever is higher, unless the nature and value of the …

What are the Hague and Hague Visby Rules in carriage of goods by sea?

The Hague/Hague Visby Rules are a mandatory framework of rights and obligations that apply to the carriage of goods by sea. Outside of this basic framework the parties to a contract of carriage are free to negotiate additional terms as they wish1.

What are the Hague rules on carriage by sea?

Under the Hague Rules the shipper bears the cost of lost/damaged goods if they cannot prove that the vessel was unseaworthy, improperly manned or unable to safely transport and preserve the cargo, i.e. the carrier can avoid liability for risks resulting from human errors provided they exercise due diligence and their …

What are the major weaknesses of the Hague Visby Rules?

One of the many weaknesses of the Hague rules was that in article X “The provisions of this Convention shall apply to all bills of lading issued in any of the contracting States”. According to Hasan ZB and Nazli I (2007). Shipment from ports not in the contracting states to any port in contracting states.

Are containers deck cargo?

A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Do the Hague Visby Rules apply to seaway bills?

The Rules will also apply to straight bills of lading ie bills which are made out to a named consignee even though straight bills of lading are not negotiable documents of title3.

What is the maximum compensation the shipper can receive based on weight limitation of the goods were carried by sea?

The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA) Under US COGSA, the limitation of liability on the carrier or the ship does not exceed USD500 per package or unit or the equivalent of that sum in other currency, unless the nature and value of such goods have been inserted in the bill of lading.

What is the difference between Hague Visby and Hamburg Rules?

While Hague-Visby Rules apply to a Bill of Lading or similar document of title, the Hamburg Rules apply to any contract of carriage by sea against payment of freight, with the exception of Charter Parties.