Which of the following defects associated with tetralogy of Fallot most commonly affects the degree of cyanosis clinically present?

Babies with tetralogy of Fallot usually have a patent ductus arteriosus at birth that provides additional blood flow to the lungs, so severe cyanosis is rare early after birth. As the ductus arteriosus closes, which it typically will in the first days of life, cyanosis can develop or become more severe.

What is Antero Cephalad deviation?

The antero-cephalad deviation of the outlet septum, coupled with an anomalous relationship to the septoparietal trabeculations, results in a narrowing of the subpulmonary outflow tract. The obstructive muscular subpulmonary area thus created is a dynamic entity.

What is tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia?

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with pulmonary atresia is a more severe form of TOF, a type of heart defect. It’s a congenital condition, which means it’s something a baby is born with. Babies who have TOF with pulmonary atresia have five heart abnormalities: Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

What is Infundibular spasm?

DISCUSSION Infundibular spasm in a child with Fallot’s tetralogy leads to the syndrome of a ” hypoxic spell” or “cyanotic attack”. This presents as an episode of increased cyanosis with tachypnoea, tachycardia, loss of consciousness or even convulsions. Bradycardia usually pre- cedes cardiac arrest.

What is Infundibulum of heart?

The infundibulum (also known as conus arteriosus) is a conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary trunk arises. It develops from the bulbus cordis.

What is infundibular spasm?

What is the infundibular septum?

The outlet septum, or infundibular or conal septum, is any muscle that is interposed between the two ventricular outflow tracts. It separates the leaflets of the two arterial valves [6,11–13]. When present, it is usually muscular, but on occasion it can be represented by a fibrous remnant.

What are the symptoms of pulmonary atresia?

Pulmonary atresia symptoms include:

  • Blue or purple tint to lips, skin and nails (cyanosis)
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Difficulty feeding.
  • Heart murmur — the heart sounds abnormal when a doctor listens with a stethoscope.

What is pulmonary Infundibulum?

The infundibulum is the entrance from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and pulmonary trunk. The wall of the infundibulum is smooth.