What do you mean by hyperfine splitting?
What do you mean by hyperfine splitting?
The hyperfine splitting (hfs) is a special feature of ESR caused by the interaction of electron spins with the magnetic nuclei in the sample. A magnetic nucleus with quantum number I will split a single ESR line (peak) into 2I+1 lines (peaks).
What causes hyperfine structure?
In atoms, hyperfine structure arises from the energy of the nuclear magnetic dipole moment interacting with the magnetic field generated by the electrons and the energy of the nuclear electric quadrupole moment in the electric field gradient due to the distribution of charge within the atom.
What is the hyperfine effect?
hyperfine structure (HFS), in spectroscopy, the splitting of a spectral line into a number of components. The splitting is caused by nuclear effects and cannot be observed in an ordinary spectroscope without the aid of an optical device called an interferometer.
What is hyperfine splitting in hydrogen?
The hyperfine splitting is due to the interaction of the magnetic moments of the electron and proton, which gives a slightly different magnetic energy for each spin state.
What is difference between fine and hyperfine structure of atom?
The key difference between fine and hyperfine structure is that in fine structures, the line splitting is a result of the energy changes that are produced by electron spin-orbit coupling, whereas in hyperfine structures, the line splitting is a result of the interaction between the magnetic field and nuclear spin.
How is hyperfine split calculated?
The number of peaks resulting from hyperfine splitting of radicals may be predicted by the following equations where Mi is the number of equivalent nuclei:
- # of peaks=MiI+1 for atoms having one equivalent nuclei.
- # of peaks=(2M1I1+1)(2M2I2+1)…. for atoms with multiple equivalent nuclei.
What is the difference between fine and hyperfine structure of an atom?
What is the meaning of hyperfine?
Definition of hyperfine : being or relating to a fine-structure multiplet occurring in an atomic spectrum that is due to interaction between electrons and nuclear spin.
What is Paschen Back effect?
Definition of Paschen-Back effect : a limiting stage of the Zeeman effect which occurs as the magnetic field causing it is greatly increased and in which the extremely fine structure pattern after going through more or less complicated anomalous stages again approaches a normal triplet character.
What is hyperfine structure of hydrogen atom?
The hyperfine structure is caused by interaction between magnetic field (from electron movement) and nuclear spin. For instance, the hydrogen atom has one proton with spin I=½ and corresponding magnetic moment. →μP=−gIeh2mp→Iℏ=µK→Ihbar.
What causes fine-structure splitting?
Fine structure is produced when an atom emits light in making the transition from one energy state to another. The split lines, which are called the fine structure of the main lines, arise from the interaction of the orbital motion of an electron with the quantum mechanical “spin” of that electron.
