What causes parinaud Oculoglandular syndrome?

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome (POS) is caused by an infection with bacteria, a virus, fungus, or parasite. The most common causes are cat scratch disease and tularemia (rabbit fever). The bacteria that cause either condition can infect the eye.

Why does lid retraction in parinaud?

Thus they are spared in Parinaud syndrome, which is a dorsal midbrain syndrome. Patients may also present with lid retraction in the primary position, which is called the Collier sign. The cause is thought to be due to damage to the levator inhibitory fibers at the posterior commissure.

What does Oculoglandular mean?

Medical Definition of oculoglandular : affecting or producing symptoms in the eye and lymph nodes oculoglandular fever produced by the herpes simplex virus — see parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome.

What is convergence retraction nystagmus?

Convergence‐retraction nystagmus is an irregular, jerky nystagmus in which both eyeballs rhythmically converge and retract into the orbit, particularly on attempting an upward gaze.1 In humans it is seen as part of Parinaud’s syndrome, also known as dorsal midbrain syndrome, in which a lesion of dorsally located …

What is upward gaze palsy?

In upward vertical gaze palsies, the pupils may be dilated. When people with this palsy look up, they have nystagmus. That is, their eye rapidly moves upward, then slowly drifts downward. Parinaud syndrome is an upward vertical gaze palsy.

What is mild follicular conjunctivitis?

Follicular conjunctivitis is the mildest form of a viral conjunctival infection. It has an acute onset, initially unilateral with the second eye becoming involved in a week. It presents with a watery discharge, conjunctival redness, follicular reaction and a preauricular lymphadenopathy on the affected side.

What causes downward gaze?

Upward and downward gaze depends on input from fiber pathways that ascend from the vestibular system through the MLF on both sides to the 3rd and 4th cranial nerve nuclei, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and the rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF.

What causes upward gaze palsy?

The most common cause of vertical gaze palsy is damage to the top part of the brain stem (midbrain), usually by a stroke or tumor. In upward vertical gaze palsies, the pupils may be dilated. When people with this palsy look up, they have nystagmus. That is, their eye rapidly moves upward, then slowly drifts downward.

What is parinaud syndrome?

Parinaud syndrome is defined as a constellation of upward gaze palsy, convergence retraction nystagmus, light-near dissociation, and bilateral lid retraction.

What is Upgaze palsy?

A vertical gaze palsy (VGP) is a conjugate, bilateral, limitation of the eye movements in upgaze and/or downgaze.

What is Oculocephalic maneuver?

The oculocephalic reflex is performed by holding a patient’s eyelids open and moving their head from side to side. The examination should only be performed on patients with a stable cervical spine without c-spine precautions.

What does downward gaze mean?

Impaired voluntary vertical gaze, especially downward, with preservation of reflex vertical movements (doll’s-eye maneuver) usually indicates progressive supranuclear palsy Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) Progressive supranuclear palsy is a rare, degenerative central nervous system disorder that progressively …