What type of transporter is LAT1?
What type of transporter is LAT1?
heteromeric amino acid transporter
LAT1 (also known as SLC7A5), is defined as a heteromeric amino acid transporter (HAT) interacting with the glycoprotein CD98 (SLC3A2) through a conserved disulfide to uptake not only large neutral amino acids, but also several pharmaceutical drugs to cells.
What does SLC7A5 transport?
SLC7A5, known as LAT1, belongs to the APC superfamily and forms a heterodimeric amino acid transporter interacting with the glycoprotein CD98 (SLC3A2) through a conserved disulfide. The complex is responsible for uptake of essential amino acids in crucial body districts such as placenta and blood brain barrier.
What does LAT1 stand for?
Abbreviations
| LAT1 | Large Amino Acid Transporter 1 |
|---|---|
| BBB | Blood Brain Barrier |
| BCH, 2-aminobicyclo-(2, 2 | 1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid |
| IL-2, IL-17, interleukin-2 | interleukin- 17 |
| mTOR | mammalian Target of Rapamicyn |
What amino acids does LAT1 usually transport into the brain?
LAT1 carries large neutral amino acids such as leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine across the BBB in the sodion-independent pathway, and is involved in the brain delivery of several central active substances including l-dopa, melphalan, gabapentin, and baclofen (Campos-Bedolla et al., 2014).
Where is LAT1 located?
LAT1 is ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels observed in the brain, spleen, bone marrow, testis, and placenta. In the blood-brain barrier, LAT1 is localized on both the apical and basolateral membranes. In other polarized epithelia, it is mainly localized in basolateral membranes.
What amino acids does LAT1 transport into brain?
LAT1 takes part in the transport of a wide range of neutral amino acids, especially ones with large branched or aromatic side chains. Tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, and histidine are transported with high affinity (Km: 5 to 50 μM).
Which of the following is an example of antiporters?
An example of this is the sodium-calcium antiporter or exchanger. This enables three sodium ions into cells for the transport of one calcium unit.
What is the function of antiporters?
An antiporter is a membrane protein that transports two molecules at the same time in the opposite direction.
How do antiporters work?
In antiport, a cell uses the movement of an ion across a membrane and down its concentration gradient to power the transport of a second substance “uphill” against its gradient. In this process, the two substances move across the membrane in opposite directions.
Do antiporters need ATP?
An antiporter also carries two different ions or molecules, but in different directions. All of these transporters can also transport small, uncharged organic molecules like glucose. These three types of carrier proteins are also found in facilitated diffusion, but they do not require ATP to work in that process.
