What is Ilkovic equation?

Ilkovic equation is a relation used in polarography relating the diffusion current (id) and the concentration of the non-polarisable electrode, i.e., the substance reduced or oxidised at the dropping mercury electrode (polarisable electrode).

What is polarography write Ilkovic equation and its use?

Quick Reference. A relation used in polarography relating the diffusion current i a and the concentration c. The Ilkovic equation has the form i a=kc, where k is a constant.

What is polarography PPT?

The principle in polarography is that a gradually increasing negative potential (voltage) is applied between a polarisable and non-polarisable electrode and the corresponding current is recorded. Polarisable electrode: Dropping Mercury electrode. Non-polarisable electrode: Saturated Calomel electrode.

What is mean by polarographic Maxima?

[pō¦lar·ə¦graf·ik ′mak·sə·məm] (analytical chemistry) A deceptively high voltage buildup on an electrode during polarographic analysis of an electrolyte; caused by a reduction or oxidation process at the electrode.

Why DME is used in polarography?

A major advantage of the DME is that each drop has a smooth and uncontaminated surface free from any adsorbed analyte or impurity. The self-renewing electrode does not need to be cleaned or polished like a solid electrode. This advantage comes at the cost of a working electrode with a constantly changing surface area.

What is the application of polarography?

Polarography has been used extensively to determine trace metals in pharmaceutical products and to estimate drugs that contain metals as a constituent. The metals examined include antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, mercury, vanadium and zinc.

What is principle of polarographic method of analysis?

The simple principle of polarography is the study of solutions or of electrode processes by means of electrolysis with two electrodes, one polarizable and one unpolarizable, the former formed by mercury regularly dropping from a capillary tube.

What is polarography and its types?

Polarography is a voltammetric technique in which chemical species (ions or molecules) undergo oxidation (lose electrons) or reduction (gain electrons) at the surface of a dropping mercury electrode (DME) at an applied potential. Polarography only applies to the DME.

What is the objective of polarography?

Polarography is an instrumental method of chemical analysis used for qualitative and quantitative determinations of reducible or oxidizable substances. Heyrovský’s instrument measures the current that flows when a predetermined potential is applied to two electrodes immersed in the solution to be analyzed.

What is polarographic technique?

Introduction. Polarography is a voltammetric technique in which chemical species (ions or molecules) undergo oxidation (lose electrons) or reduction (gain electrons) at the surface of a dropping mercury electrode (DME) at an applied potential.

Why oxygen is removed in polarography?

Since it can be present in solutions in high concentrations and since it is electroactive, oxygen must be removed from the analyte prior to polarographic analysis.

Why mercury is used in DME?

The pool of mercury acts as a counter electrode, i.e., anode if DME is the cathode or cathode if DME is the anode. The counter electrode is a non-polarisable electrode. To the analyte solution, an electrolyte like KCl is added i.e., 50-100 times of sample concentration.