What is the pathophysiology of mononucleosis?

Pathophysiology of Infectious Mononucleosis Morphologically abnormal (atypical) lymphocytes develop, mainly from CD8+ T cells that respond to the infection. After primary infection, EBV remains within the host, primarily in B lymphocytes, for life and undergoes intermittent asymptomatic shedding from the oropharynx.

How does the mono virus work?

Mono, or infectious mononucleosis, is caused by an infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV spreads through direct contact with saliva (spit). This can happen by sharing eating utensils, drinks, and even things like lip gloss, lipstick, or lip balm.

What is the principle cause of infectious mononucleosis?

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, but other viruses can also cause this disease. It is common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students.

What is the pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus?

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that establishes a latent infection in lymphoid cells and replicates in epithelial cells. EBV is linked to the development of several human cancers and causes lymphoma in immunocompromised patients.

Why does EBV cause atypical lymphocytes?

These atypical lymphocytes (ie, Downey cells) actually are CD8 cytotoxic T cells. B-cell infection caused by EBV leads to the transformation of the B cells to immortal plasmacytoid cells, which secrete a wide variety of immunoglobulins (eg, heterophile antibodies).

How does Epstein-Barr virus reactivate?

EBV never truly goes away. Even if the symptoms subside, the virus will remain inactive inside your body until it is reactivated by a trigger. Some triggers include stress, a weakened immune system, taking immunosuppressants, or hormonal changes such as menopause.

Why is heterophile antibody produced during EBV infection?

Heterophile antibodies are produced in response to antigens produced during EBV IM (EBV heterophile antigens or Paul–Bunnell antigens) or as a result of serum sickness (type III hypersensitivity reaction caused by proteins present in certain medications) or rheumatoid factors (non-EBV heterophile antigens or Forssman …

Is mono viral or bacterial?

Mononucleosis (mono) is a contagious infection caused by a herpes virus called Epstein-Barr. Other viruses can also cause mono. The infection is common among teenagers and young adults. People with mono experience extreme fatigue, fever and body aches.

What are the virulence factors of Epstein-Barr virus?

Virulence Factors The main virulence factor of EBV is its ability to remain latent for years. It replicates and survives in host B cells and evades the immune response. Even if a response is mounted, the virus is never truly eliminated because it injects its DNA into the host cell nucleus.