How does the inactivated poliovirus vaccine work?

Poliovirus vaccine is an active immunizing agent used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). It works by causing your body to produce its own protection (antibodies) against the virus that causes polio.

What antigens are in the polio vaccine?

Oral polio vaccine (OPV) OPV consists of a mixture of live attenuated poliovirus strains of each of the three serotypes, selected by their ability to mimic the immune response following infection with wild polioviruses, but with a significantly reduced incidence of spreading to the central nervous system.

What does inactivated polio vaccine contain?

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine Also called the Salk vaccine IPV consists of inactivated (killed) poliovirus strains of all three poliovirus types. IPV is given by intramuscular or intradermal injection and needs to be administered by a trained health worker.

How many antigenic types exists in polio virus?

ABSTRACT Poliovirus exists as three stable serotypes (PV-1, PV-2, and PV-3). These viruses display three antigenic sites each, designated N-AgI, N-AgII, and N-AgIU.

What is the difference between OPV and IPV vaccine?

Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is the only polio vaccine that has been given in the United States since 2000. IPV is given by shot in the leg or arm, depending on the patient’s age. Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is used in other countries. CDC recommends that children get four doses of polio vaccine.

What type of vaccine is the polio vaccine?

Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are used: an inactivated poliovirus given by injection (IPV) and a weakened poliovirus given by mouth (OPV). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all children be fully vaccinated against polio.

What is the structure of poliovirus?

Polioviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Picornaviridae. They have a naked protein capsid with a dense central core. The capsid consists of four structural proteins, VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. The genomic RNA is approximately 7440 to 7500 nucleotides in length.

What is Salk and Sabin vaccine?

The polio vaccine comes in two types: the Salk vaccine, made with a killed virus and the Sabin vaccine, made with a live but weakened, or attenuated, virus.

Why is IPV preferred over OPV?

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) does not induce an intestinal mucosal immune response, but could boost protection in children who are mucosally (oral or gut) primed through previous exposure to OPV.

Which came first Salk or Sabin vaccine?

Jonas Salk (1914–1995) became a national hero when he allayed the fear of the dreaded disease with his polio vaccine, approved in 1955. Although it was the first polio vaccine, it was not to be the last; Albert Bruce Sabin (1906–1993) introduced an oral vaccine in the United States in the 1960s that replaced Salk’s.