What is M-CSF?

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of monocytes. Normally detected in human serum, M-CSF plays an important role in enhancing the effector functions of mature monocytes and macrophages.

What is the difference between M-CSF and GM-CSF?

M-CSF exhibits a mostly homeostatic expression pattern, whereas GM-CSF is a product of cells activated during inflammatory or pathologic conditions. Accordingly, M-CSF regulates the numbers of various tissue macrophage and monocyte populations without altering their “activation” status.

Where is CSF1R located?

Normal Function. The CSF1R gene provides instructions for making a protein called the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1 receptor). This protein is found in the outer membrane of certain cell types.

How does GM-CSF work?

Function. GM-CSF is a monomeric glycoprotein that functions as a cytokine—it is a white blood cell growth factor. GM-CSF stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes.

Is M-CSF a cytokine?

M-CSF and GM-CSF were described initially as cytokines that regulate myeloid cell proliferation and development. Both have been shown to be critical to the functions of monocytes, macrophages, and DCs. However, each plays nonredundant, functional roles in the physiology of these cells.

Which of the following cells produces the M-CSF and rankl?

Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)and receptor activator of the NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) are produced by stromal cells and are essential for osteoclast formation.

Is GM-CSF a cytokine?

Multiple studies have demonstrated that GM-CSF is also an immune-modulatory cytokine, capable of affecting not only the phenotype of myeloid lineage cells, but also T-cell activation through various myeloid intermediaries.

What produces M-CSF?

M-CSF is produced by osteoblasts and osteoblast precursors, but large amounts of M-CSF are also produced by osteocytes. M-CSF is present in two distinct biologically active forms, a membrane-bound and a secreted form, that result from alternative splicing of the CSF1 gene.

What is CSF1R gene?

Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), and CD115 (Cluster of Differentiation 115), is a cell-surface protein encoded, in humans, by the CSF1R gene (known also as c-FMS). It is a receptor for a cytokine called colony stimulating factor 1.

What is GM-CSF antibody?

Autoantibodies to multiple cytokines have been identified and some, including antibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), have been associated with increased susceptibility to infection.

What stimulates GM-CSF?

GM-CSF is produced by various cell types including macrophages, mast cells, T cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells 8, 9, mostly in response to immune activation and cytokines that mediate inflammation.