What does CXC stand for in chemokine?

The CXC family of chemokines (CXCL1 to 17) are small (8 to 10 kDa) secreted proteins that attract neutrophils and lymphocytes. These chemokines signal through chemokine receptors (CXCR) 1 to 8.

What do chemokine receptors do?

Chemokine receptors are a superfamily of GPCRs that control immune cell behavior; they promote chemotaxis, cell adhesion, and mediator release (see also Chapter 7). The chemokine receptor superfamily is divided into four classes based on the chemokine/ligand interaction motif to which they bind (CC, CXC, CX3C, or XC).

What does CXC stand for in immunology?

Cysteine X Cysteine (immunology) CXC.

What receptors do chemokines bind to?

Chemokines bind their receptors with nM affinity, and binding of both N-loop (site-I) and N-terminal residues (site-II) should contribute to the affinity.

What are the differences between CXC and CC chemokine families in terms of structure and function?

In the CXC and CX3C chemokines subfamilies, the two conserved NH2-terminal cysteines are separated by one and three amino acids, respectively. In the CC chemokines subfamily, the two conserved NH2-terminal cysteines are adjacent and in the C chemokines subfamily chemokines lack the second and fourth cysteines.

What is the role of chemokines in inflammation?

Inflammatory chemokines function mainly as chemoattractants for leukocytes, recruiting monocytes, neutrophils and other effector cells from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. Certain inflammatory chemokines activate cells to initiate an immune response or promote wound healing.

What is the definition of a chemokine?

Listen to pronunciation. (KEE-moh-kine) One of a large group of proteins that is made by certain immune cells and other cells in the body. Chemokines play an important role in the body’s immune response.

How many chemokine receptors are there?

There have been 20 distinct chemokine receptors discovered in humans. Each has a rhodopsin-like 7-transmembrane (7TM) structure and couples to G-protein for signal transduction within a cell, making them members of a large protein family of G protein-coupled receptors.

What is a CXC theater?

CXC theaters boast digital projection at 4K, or ultrahigh, resolution and a Dolby Atmos sound system, which takes the concept of surround sound further to incorporate 60 speakers on the sides and roof of the theater.

Are chemokine receptors soluble?

Introduction. With the exceptions of CX3CL1/fractalkine and CXCL16/SR-PSOX, chemoattractant cytokines or chemokines constitute a family of small soluble signaling molecules of approximately 70 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 7–12 kDa.