What are plants with pathogen derived resistance immune to?

Transformation of plants with segments of viral genomes frequently results in the development of plants that are resistant or immune to the virus from which the sequences were derived. This new approach is generally called “pathogen-derived resistance (PDR)”.

What is resistance to viral infection in plants?

Plants have developed two major strategies to counteract virus infections: resistance (R) gene-mediated, and RNA silencing-based defenses. In addition, the mutation in essential genes for viral infection also causes plant resistance against viruses, called recessive gene-mediated resistance.

How plant pathogenic viruses are transmitted?

Most plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors that cause damage to the plant and create an entry point for pathogens, or that tap into the phloem to feed. Once inside, viruses use the handful of genes in their tiny genomes to orchestrate the plant cells’ machinery, while evading the plant’s defenses.

How plant pathogenic viruses are moving from cell to cell?

Cell-to-cell movement of plant viruses occurs via plasmodesmata (PD), organelles that evolved to facilitate intercellular communications. Viral movement proteins (MP) modify PD to allow passage of the virus particles or nucleoproteins.

What is viral resistance?

74 Antiviral resistance is defined as a decrease in susceptibility to an antiviral agent established by in vitro testing (phenotypic testing) and confirmed by genetic analysis of the viral genome (genotypic testing) and biochemical analysis of the altered enzymes.

What is the meaning of resistance to disease?

Disease resistance is the ability to prevent or reduce the presence of diseases in otherwise susceptible hosts. It can arise from genetic or environmental factors, such as incomplete penetrance. Disease tolerance is different as it is the ability of a host to limit the impact of disease on host health.

What are the characteristics of plant pathogenic viruses?

They are less than 200 millimicron and cannot be grown in artificial media and require living host cell for multiplication. They have both living and nonliving properties. Living characters include their ability to cause disease, reproduce, mutate and have genetic materials.

Why do plant viruses have a difficult time entering the cells they infect?

As plant cells have a cell wall to protect their cells, these viruses do not use receptor-mediated endocytosis to enter host cells as is seen with animal viruses.

Which of the following organelles prevents the entry of viruses in plant cells?

Sol: (c) Cell membrane.

How does a virus spread throughout a plant Are there cures for viral plant diseases?

All viruses that spread within their host tissues (systemically) can be transmitted by grafting branches or buds from diseased plants on healthy plants. Natural grafting and transmission are possible by root grafts and with parasitic dodder (Cuscuta species). Vegetative propagation often spreads plant viruses.

What is coat protein?

Coat proteins allow the selective transfer of macromolecules from one membrane-enclosed compartment to another by concentrating macromolecules into specialized membrane patches and then deforming these patches into small coated vesicles.